Chicago Manual of Style and Turabian Help Guide

• Use 12-point Times New Roman font
• Use one-inch margins on all sides of the paper
• Double-space throughout the paper
• Check with your professor if a title page is necessary.
  • The title should be centered a third of the way down the page, and your name and class information should follow several lines later.
  • When subtitles apply, end the title with a colon and place the subtitle on the line below. A sample paper can be found on the Purdue OWL website.
• When referencing someone else’s idea, put a footnote ² at the end of the sentence. The footnote entry appears at the bottom of the page. The number in the footnote must always correspond with the number in the text. 

Your bibliography is a separate page at the end of your paper labeled “Bibliography.” This is your list of sources cited in your paper.

Two blank lines should be between “Bibliography” and your first entry.

Entries are listed in alphabetical order by the first word in each entry.

Use “and,” not an ampersand, “&,” for multi-author entries.

• For two to three authors, write out all names.
• For four to ten authors, write out all names in the bibliography but only the first author’s name plus “et al.” in notes and parenthetical citations.
• When a source has no identifiable author, cite it by its title, both on the references page and in shortened form (up to four keywords from that title) in parenthetical citations throughout the text.
• Write out publishers’ names in full.
• Do not use access dates unless publication dates are unavailable.
• If you cannot ascertain the publication date of a printed work, use the abbreviation “n.d.”
• Provide DOIs instead of URLs whenever possible.
• If no DOI is available, provide a URL.